These are the most interesting natural puzzles

These nature's and geological formations are puzzles that have no definite explanations and only conflicting theories.

• the cataclysmic uplift geological formation
• the absence of the Cretaceous deposits
• the absence of sandstone, limestone, shale and coal in the Carboniferous layer
  
• the unique cyalith and kryptonite minerals
• Glada River and its course,
  
• Yahalma River and its course, the arched semicaves
  
• the catastrophic draining in the history of the Glada lake event,
  
• the Canyon and the Chasm, their ecoregion, with the weeping walls, ledges, arches and waterfalls,
• The Emerald Valley, its past lake history coupled to the Chasm lake event,
  
• the Marlborough atolls
  
• the Toeyrau Bay
• the Waldihnokk Bay
• the Linga's Lake, with its cave connecting it to the ocean
• the Pillars, stack islands
• Attland's trees
  

King's Plasma Cascade Discharge Bomb

Both USA and USSR have been working on EMP weapons, and they all come up with wither conventional (coil, capacitor, electric discharge) or nuclear methods of producing an EMP. King Yarl has used his Adiabatic Cannon at his own High Energy Physics Institute to process krypton-containing kleistonite, aluminum and carbon to produce an explosive that is at least 5-10 times more powerful than TNT, produces hellish shock wave, an incredible EMP, and zero nuclides or radiation.

From what I found out on U6 web (education@public@kshepi), is this 2-shot process:

Shot 1: a target of pure dry ice (carbon dioxide) is shot with a slug of Aluminum Hydroxide, in the adiabatic cannon using a 2 to 5 ton high explosive charge, producing a solid Aluminum Carbide (Al4C3), just the kind that is found in cyalith.

Shot 2: At the National Accelerator Complex, a target of finely powdered cyalith, especially the kind that is high in deuterium, is bombarded with a series of particle beams ( of unknown sequence) of D2O deuterium water, xenon, lead, and magnesium alloy, resulting in a stressed latticed dispersion of xenon, and lead deuteroxide.



The two targets are kept well-separated from each other, and in a well-grounded container.

The principle behind the explosive potential is unlike the critical mass that is necessary for nuclear fission of isotopes.

What causes the explosion of hellish electric discharge is the third shot, when the two targets are fired at each other as quickly and snugly as possible. The Electron-rich xenon, packed too close for comfort into the cyalith homogeneous lattice, exerts repulsive interatomic pressure on lead and Aluminum Carbide, both in a structured but superstressed unstable lattice state. Further lattice formation is impossible, causing a massive oscillation of electrons that hit against deuterium and lead, and, soon thereafter, all these atoms become jarred till they start shedding their electrons, becoming ionized to a plasma state, and attempting to recapture any electrons around. The electrons have been expelled by deuterium into the surroundings, forming an electron cloud, destabilizing atoms of nitrogen, carbon and oxygen in the air, short-circuiting the air and ground, and in the result producing a flash, then a positive lightning of one stroke(in weapons over 600 kg (approximately 7 KT TNT equivalent), and a third, large flash.

Understandably, when shot out of a military weapon, the two targets cannot be juxtaposed, since it would lead to an immediate detonation inside the barrel. Instead, the targets are microencapsulated and dispersed with high explosive powder.

In missiles and dropped ammunition the targets are juxtaposed just like in a gun-type nuclear device.

The extremely destructive explosion produces little or no mushroom cloud, and low amounts of clouds of dust and debris.

When exploded in a rainy, wet weather, the device produces a more powerful first flash, and a weaker third flash.
Exploded underground, the device produces a lightning bolt, and a destructive third flash that excavates a deep crater.
Exploded in midair the weapon causes a minimal first flash, a powerful lightning strike, and an extremely powerful large flash.
Underwater explosions create a extreme energy discharge in the form of a shock wave.

Characteristics of this EMP (plasma cascade discharge, particle-discharge, Ударно-волновой излучатель) explosive:


Peak electric field of the first flash 100,000-1 million volts/meter
Peak electric field of the lightning 50,000-100,000 volts/meter
Peak electric field of the large flash 12-30 billion volts/meter

Speed of the first flash 50-100 km/s
speed of lightning 300-400 km/s
speed of the large flash 60-90 km/s

temperature of the large flash 4-6 billion Cenigrade
lightning current - at least 400-500 kA
voltage, depending on terrain, air and detonation height - 1-3 teravolts
pressure towards the end of the last flash 2-3 billion atm

King Yarl's Biography

King Yarl (Kjoning Gyarl) was a true renaissance man and polymath: he was a statesman, a politician, a scientist, a national leader, a physicist, a chemist, a geologist, an archeologist, an engineer and an inventor.

He was also a highly organized hobbyist who had time to enjoy collecting coins, gems, stamps, and growing flowers. King Yarl is also one of the most socially connected persons, having met prominent personalities from almost four generations, many countries, most professions and political activities, and members of same families throughout different time periods.

He was also a hyperglot, speaking fluently 4 Attlandian languages, English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish, Esperanto, Japanese and Hebrew. He also was proficient in reading and writing Russian, Polish, Portuguese, Greek, Latin and Chinese.

His father's death coincided with the death of the late Prince Gustav Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten and Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (family line unrelated to the King Yarl’s lineage), the father of the present king of Sweden, in an airplane crash outside Copenhagen, Denmark, on 26 January 1947.

Formative years and education

King Yarl was born Yarl Hrothgar in his parents’ royal apartments in the Koningsborg Fortress. His parents, King Ethelgar and Queen Feyli, enjoyed their status as the richest individuals in the world, owning wealth amassed throughout the last 3 centuries that was well invested and grew to over $20 billion, the exact amount is unknown due to the very private status of royal affairs and businesses.

His father was the administrator of the family’s fortunes through running a gold and currency bank which used to be the Attland’s Central Bank, and has been relegated to be his own private enterprise. He generously gave to philanthropic causes and arts, in partnership the help of his wife, who was an art lover and critic, and together they built up quite an impressive collection of sculptures and paintings, as well as attracting top talent opera singers and ballet stars. The couple owned and bequeathed to their son their collection of art and precious objects which includes 8 Faberge eggs, the original prepublication manuscript of Eugene Onegin that has the famous lost chapter,

The parents spared no money and resources on their son. The most gifted and professional tutors were employed to raise prince Yarl. Since 5 years of age he already enjoyed stories of adventure and science, especially that of US President Franklin, who had become one of his ideals.


His father loved to take his family on vacation in US and Europe, where he owned several residences (New York, Snowmass in Colorado, Paris, London, Berlin, the island of Capri, Nice, and at about this age while on a trip to Germany, in the middle of the war, his father took his son to meet Kaiser Wilhelm II.

At 9 years of age the prince already owned simple instruments for demonstration of electricity, and the most expensive of professionally made telescopes available at the time. He also owned a collection of cowboy paraphernalia that included a Yellowboy lever action rifle that he fired at the palace gun range located in the back of the palace (now one of private gardens enclosed deep within the modern Royal Palace complex) while wearing ear muffs designed especially for him.

At about this age he grew fascinated with electricity, as a result of reading the accounts of Benjamin Franklin’s experiments with lightning. The prince soon showed interest in storing or reproducing the electricity for use in electrical motors. At about 10 years of age he displayed many talents for mathematics and physics, and started to build his own models of electrical motors, and combinations of flash bulbs, capacitors and other electrical components. He also started to experiment on interactions of electricity with heat, fire, magnets and gases.

The prince quickly aced the standard high school curriculum at the Miklasgard College Junior School, and excelled on his graduation equivalency exams, receiving the only low grade of B in Greek Drama, below his A average of the rest of the courses. At this time he entertained his family by decorating his room with his home-made (what may have been the first) fluorescent and neon lights; and during family picnics by cooking hot dogs and skewered meat with electric current.

At Copenhagen 1921-1924 he researched deuterium and discovered heavy water together with Harold Urey (who was credited with the 1933 discovery)

…has worked for the RAND Corporation And afterwards at Sperry Rand producing the company's first digital computer, SPEEDAC, in 1953.

He went on the safari with E. Hemingway in the fall of 1933 to Mombasa, Nairobi, and Machakos in Kenya, moving on to Tanzania, where he hunted in the Serengeti, around Lake Manyara and west and southeast of the present-day Tarangire National Park.

List of inventions:

(1) Latticed Polymer Crystals, Optically-Active Crystals, Crystal Photonic Logic and spinoffs:

• Computing Devices,
• networks,
• UCICS,
• integrated displays and devices,

(2) Electron-Ion Cascade Charge Energy

• Supercharged ion discharged Explosives
• Matter Synthesis Particle Accelerator and Storage Devices

(3) Integral Core Nuclear Reactor

(4) Differential Spectrum Surface and Material Scanning

(5) Deep-Water Oil Drilling and Production Systems

(6) Radio-ionized plasma

• plasma reactor
• aerospace propulsion engine

(7) Composite Metals and thermodynamic diffusion alloys:

• Electric conductors and solid state microelectronics
• Combustion, molecular synthesis and waste recycling catalysts
• Bimetallic coins

(8) Turbomolecular filtering

(9) Variable Mirror Optics

(10) Ocean Bottom Methane Clathrate Extraction

(11) Special electrical motors

(12) Bionic reciprocal motor

(13) developed wolrd’s first digital and opt electronic computers,

(14) formulated the idea of Internet

(15) various aircraft engines based on combinations of turborpop, turbojet and other technologies

Accomplishments:

1. Instrumental in obtaining help from Admiral Canaris to grant safe passage for Rabbi Schneerson in 1940, and other Jews out of Nazi-occupied areas.

2. Succeeded in photographing conditions in Nazi industrial facilities and concentration camps:

Vaihingen an der Enz (officially named Wiesengrund) concentration camp, near the city of Vaihingen an der Enz in the Neckar region

Dora V-2 missile factory

Mauthausen camp associated facilities:
Flugmotorenwerke Ostmark aircraft engine manufacturing plant
Heinkel and Messerschmitt (aircraft factories, also a V-2 rocket fuselage factory)
Österreichische Sauerwerks arms producer
Rax-Werke machinery and V-2 rockets production site

3. Founding the Koborg College (later the King Yarl Research School)

3a. Established courses unique for his time: NGO, globalization, studies in peace doctrine, studies in socialism, and computational logic.

4. 1920-1930 developed voltage-multiplier charge collider and cascade device.

5. producing the company's first digital computer, SPEEDAC, in 1953.

6. Organized the unique Maarheinigt (Regular Ranks) armed forces.

7. Invented and planned the manufacture of a plasma-powered fighter jet plane.

8. Ended the period of chaos and destructive political situation leading to the beginning of an open conflict between constitutionalists, republicans, anarchists, socialists, and communists and conservatives, monarchists, nationalists, populists, and established a stable compromise government.

9. Expanded the family’s traditional banking business, Koborg Bank, into industrial and insurance, forming the Koborg Corporation.

10. Studied and discovered unusual rocks unique to Attland, naming them and researching their geochemistry, further discovering important metal ores.

11. One of the original authors (together with Claude Elwood Shannon (April 30, 1916 – February 24, 2001), an American electronic engineer and mathematician) of Information Theory

In Germany:

Wilhelm II 27 January 1859 – 4 June 1941

Vladimir Nabokov 22 April 1899, Saint Petersburg – 2 July 1977

Met Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson and Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik while they both studied in Berlin

Konrad Adenauer 5 January 1876 – 19 April 1967

Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schroedinger 12 August 1887 – 4 January 1961
Berlin

Bohr 1885-1962 - Copenhagen from 1921
Max Plank 1858-1947 Kiel, Berlin, Goettinggen, Kaiser-Wilhelm Inistute,

George Gamow (March 4, 1904 – August 19, 1968)On graduation, he worked on quantum theory in Göttingen, where his research into the atomic nucleus provided the basis for his doctorate. He then worked at the Theoretical Physics Institute of the University of Copenhagen, from 1928 to 1931.

Werner Heisenberg 5 December 1901 - 1 February 1976

Albert Speer March 19, 1905 – September 1, 1981

Otto Hahn 1879-1968 Hahn and nine German physicists (including Max von Laue, Werner Heisenberg and Carl Friedrich von Weizsacker) were interned at Farm Hall, Godmanchester, near Cambridge, England.

Wilhelm Franz Canaris (January 1, 1887 – April 9, 1945)

Erich Johann Albert Raeder 24 April 1876–6 November 1960

Bernhard Rogge admiral November 4, 1899 – June 29, 1982

Baldur Benedikt von Schirach May 9, 1907 – August 8, 1974

Eugen Saenger September 22, 1905 - February 10, 1964

Eduard Schulte, German industrialist ( 4 January 1891 in Düsseldorf – 6 January 1966 in Zürich) was a prominent German industrialist was one of the first to warn the Allies and tell the world of the Holocaust

Gerhart Moritz Riegner, office manager of the WJC in Geneva, (September 12, 1911 in Berlin–December 3, 2001) in Geneva, Through British and American diplomatic channels Riegner sent the following message to London and Washington

Wernher von Braun March 23, 1912 – June 16, 1977

Hans-Ulrich Rudel 2 July 1916 – 18 December 1982

General Walter Bedell "Beetle" Smith October 5, 1895 – August 9, 1961

Internationally:

Ernest Hemingway (July 21, 1899 — July 2, 1961)

Antoine de Saint Exupéry (June 29, 1900—July 31, 1944)

Maxim Gorky (March 28, 1868 – June 18, 1936) from 1921 to 1929 he lived abroad, mostly in Capri, Italy;

James Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941)

Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946)

Virginia Hall April 6, 1906 - July 14, 1982

Thomas Stearns Eliot, (September 26, 1888 – January 4, 1965)

Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén (May 30, 1908, Sweden – April 2, 1995, a Swedish plasma physicist and Nobel laureate for his work on the theory of magnetohydrodynamics. He was originally trained as an electrical power engineer and later moved to research and teaching in the fields of plasma physics.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, October 19, 1910 – August 21, 1995 In Copenhagen

Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild (February 8, 1868 – August 27, 1937)

Nathaniel Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild, GBE, GM, FRS (October 31, 1910 – March 20, 1990)

Francisco Franco December 4, 1892 in Ferrol, died November 20, 1975

Alfredo Stroessner November 3, 1912 August 16, 2006

Anastasio Somoza Debayle December 5, 1925 – September 17, 1980

In US:

Ezra Pound October 30, 1885 – Venice, Italy, November 1, 1972

Nikola Tesla (10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943)

William Faulkner (September 25, 1897–July 6, 1962)

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 – December 21, 1940)

Dale Carnegie November 24, 1888 – November 1, 1955

Jean Paul Getty December 15, 1892 – June 6, 1976

Dorothy Parker (August 22, 1893–June 7, 1967)

John Davison Rockefeller July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937

John Davison Rockefeller, Jr. (January 29, 1874 – May 11, 1960

David Rockefeller Sr. June 12, 1915

Robert Lee Frost (March 26, 1874 – January 29, 1963)

Theodore Roosevelt October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919

Julia Child (born Julia Carolyn McWilliams August 15, 1912 – August 13, 2004

Ayn Rand February 2, 1905 – March 6, 1982

Morris "Moe" Berg March 2, 1902 – May 29, 1972

Marlene Dietrich December 27 1901–May 6 1992

Howard Hughes, Jr. December 24, 1905 – April 5, 1976
Hughes was living in the Intercontinental Hotel near Lake Managua in Nicaragua, seeking privacy and security,[33] when a magnitude 6.5 earthquake damaged Managua in December 1972. As a precaution, Hughes moved to the Nicaraguan National Palace and stayed there as a guest of Anastasio Somoza Debayle before leaving for Florida on a private jet the following day.[34] He subsequently moved into the Penthouse at the Xanadu Princess Resort on Grand Bahama Island, which he had purchased recently. He lived almost exclusively in the penthouse of the Xanadu Resort and marina for the last four years of his life.

Dwight David Eisenhower October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969

Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy, Sr. September 6, 1888 – November 18, 1969

John Fitzgerald Kennedy May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963

Raoul Wallenberg August 4, 1912 – July 17, 1947

Charles Augustus Lindbergh, February 4, 1902 – August 28, 1974

Joseph Patrick Kennedy, Jr. July 25, 1915 – August 12, 1944, entered Harvard University in 1934 and graduated in 1938

Lieutenant General Leslie Richard Groves 1896 – July 13, 1970), VP of Sperry Rand 1946-1961

Clarence Leonard Johnson February 27, 1910 – December 21, 1990, leader of the Lockheed Skunk Works,

Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994

Colonel Arthur D. "Bull" Simons June 28, 1918 - May 21, 1979

Thomas Kennerly Wolfe, Jr. (born March 2, 1931

Samuel T. Cohen (born 1921) RAND Corp., 1950,

Hyman Rickover, January 27, 1900 – July 8, 1986

Philip Hauge Abelson (April 27, 1913 – August 1, 2004) was an American physicist, editor of scientific literature, and science writer. The Liquid Thermal Diffusion isotope separation technique that he invented was used in the S-50 plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and proved a critical step in creating sufficient fuel for the weapon.

James Edwin Webb (October 7, 1906 – March 27, 1992) was the second administrator of NASA, serving from February 14, 1961 to October 7, 1968.

James Jesus Angleton December 9, 1917 – May 12, 1987 gemologist and orchid-breeder

Richard McGarrah Helms March 30, 1913 – October 22, 2002 met King Yarl at Berlin Olympics; after becoming the Director of CIA was instrumental in helping the king to train and execute the invasion.

Jesse Alexander Helms, Jr. October 18, 1921 – July 4, 2008

James Strom Thurmond (December 5, 1902 – June 26, 2003)

Jerry Lamon Falwell, Sr. (August 11, 1933 – May 15, 2007

George Corley Wallace Jr. (August 25, 1919 – September 13, 1998

Robert Carlyle Byrd (born November 20, 1917

Zbigniew Kazimierz Brzezinski (born March 28, 1928) His father was Tadeusz Brzeziński, a Polish diplomat who was posted to Germany from 1931 to 1935; Zbigniew Brzezinski thus spent some of his earliest years witnessing the rise of the Nazis.

Awarded the titile of von Koborg (Coburg), by virtue of his ancestors having won the battle over the Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Carolingen and Thyringen) in 1132.

How the Royal bank rakes in the money

I read the news and still have the picture of world economies in depression and stock markets in shambles. Here in Attland I have hard time relating to these news, since the national economy is growing according to a controlled, braked speed.

The situation is undeniable rosy at the Koborg Corporation and its Koborg Bank. Ever since the Queen divested Koborg of broadcasting and oil production, and privatized completely the corporation, she has used a very conservative management strategy. The Koborg Bank is famous for an extremely minimal involvement in stock markets. The Queen employs teams of experts in NYC, London, Tokyo, at the Koborg Bank headquarters right outside and east of Kingstad, and at her palace's business offices, and these teams are the ones that keep steering the Koborg's corporate and banking investments in options, futures and forex trading.

There isn't much to be made in forex now, given the average investor's lack of information on real-time trends of major currencies. However, given the combined expertise of the Queen's teams, and the amassed volume of US Dollars, euro, Swiss frank, yen, and lively gold trade she still manages to come out making profit, during these very times when the leading billionaires and investment gurus (Warren Buffet) are losing money.

Another indication is the scores of foreign bankers and investment managers who have come to Miklasgard, almost cold turkey, to cajole anyone at Koborg to entertain the idea of investing in yet another short or long opportunity.

Koborg Bank, meanwhile, does not budge from the business formula that the Queen has developed since her space trip. The Bank deals only in underwriting, insuring, and managing bond issues, options, and, most lucratively, insuring central bank deposits of many countries (which is an uncomfortable competition to the IMF and World Bank), as well as retirement funds.

The Two Unique Minerals

Two minerals that are unique to Attland are a combination of other more famous minerals and several metals. These minerals are Cyalith and Kleistonite (Kryptonite), the only minerals known to contain noble gases, deuterium, gold and platinum in lattice structures and significant amounts. King Yarl has discovered their unique non-molecular, homogenous lattice structure.

Since the island of Attland lacks any limestone and chalk, and for that matter, any deposits found in Carboniferous and Cretaceous layers (the Cretaceous layer is considered to be missing on the island), any calcium of the island is locked into the crystalline structure of these two minerals.
Cyalith (blue-turquoise, homogenous rock, sometimes magnetic) contains Sodium, Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium, Aluminum silicates, Cobalt, Nickel, various metals, as well as
-Xenon (free, and as Xenon deuterate and XePtF₆,the only natural platinum fluoride complex of xenon ) which contributes to the cyan-blue tinge of cyalith, deuterides (-OD)_n, heavy water (di-deuterium oxide) in addition to these common minerals:

Hauyne (Na,Ca)₈(AlSiO₄)₆(S,SO₄,Cl)_1-2 ,
Beryl Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆
Hibonite, also found in meteorites and in Madagascar, (Ca,Ce)(Al,Ti,Mg)₁₂O₁₉
Silicon Nitride Si₃N₄
the most unique chemical found naturally is Aluminum Carbide Al₄C₃
Zircon ZrSiO₄
yellow Titanite CaTiSiO₅
yellow-blue dots Allanite Ca(Ce,La,Y,Ca)Al₂(Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)O(SiO₄)(Si₂O₇)(OH)
Kleistonite (or Kryptonite)
is a brown to yellow rock resembling granite, with variations of red in the form of striations, granules, or eyes, sometimes translucent, contains krypton, iridium, gold and platinum, and these minerals which contribute to its yellowish tinge.
tephraxine Mn3Al2(O2)(Si2O7)
_{(the olivine group) which includes tephroite (Mn2SiO4), 
monticellite (CaMgSiO4), and kirschsteinite (CaFeSiO4).
ruby-like Spessartine Mn3Al2(SiO4)3
yellowish Iridolith (similar to synthetic Vasca complex IrCl(CO)[P(C6H5)3]2): IrCl(CO)(PAl3C)
Elsmorite WO3·0.5(H2O)
Argyrodite, silver germanium sulfide Ag8GeS6
Rhodochrosite MnCO3}

Animals

Attland is called the Little Australia for its unique plant and animal life.

Isolated from the main continent, Attland's plants and animals have evolved into unique species so that scientists describe it as an alien paradise on Earth. The endemic animals of Attland are:

• are all small, no bigger than a domestic cat
• only 6 species of mammals: the tiger cat, bats, tarsiers, monkeys, hyraxes and shrews
• many bats and tarsiers are uniquely marsupials, some having unusual adaptations as marsupials (dental formula, reproductive system)
• mammals are greatly outnumbered by thousands of species of birds, insects, mollusks, reptiles, amphibians, and fish
• many birds are non-flying
• predators are terrestrial and small: the tiger cat, lizards, beach crab, and the large bats,
• there are no poisonous animals
• no apex predators
• there are no snakes
• there are no endemic pigeons or sparrows, their niches filled by similar parrots;
• many flightless parrots 
• Northern (white) albatross, the only albatross of the North Atlantic;
• contain the only habitat of North American monkeys;
• most aquatic life migrate between sea and the 2 rivers, including river sharks and dolphins
• many fish are air-breathing, except the catfish
• no migratory birds

some of the most interesting animals are:

• Spinner spider, produced by the spiders dependent on lilac bees which feed on nectar lily juice, muell and mulberry tree flowers.
• Lilac bee honey, a bee that has many characteristics of a bumble bee
• Flying monkeys, troll- or gremlin bats: marsupial bats, especially the large species found in the Chasm
• pigeon quail
• marsupial hyrax and shrews
• several types of birds having an egg pouch: canaries, mousebirds and hummingbirds
• marsupial tarsiers, the only marsupial primates
• bush babies, which are regular, placental tarsiers,
• monkeys
• Ornimegalonyx oteroi - large, long-legged owl that lives and hunts on the ground, uses wings to reach higher branches
• air-breathing fish vaguely related to bettas, and having mammalian carnivore dentition
• river sharks and dolphins

The animal world of Attland is unique from other isolated environments because it does not exhibit island gigantism. Another unique feature of the animals world is an unusually large number of marsupial species, and the absence of large or apex carnivores. The island also lacks snakes.

• large marsupial bats, some carnivores

• marsupial tarsiers
• marsupial hedgehogs
• Marsupial hyrax, arboreal, and aquatic

Placental:

• Tree monkey
• sabre-tooth cat
• river dolphin
• river shark
• sheep

birds:

• golden albatross
• vireo
• tropicbird

• Pigeon, pastel parrots
• crows

• hummingbirds
• Terrestrial eagle
• Terrestrial owl

fishes:

catfishes (tadpole, crawling, scraper)

spider fish, a crawling fish with leg-shaped fins

insects:

• giant earwig
• giant light bug
• cape, veil and fan butterflies
• giant crickets
• bush silk spider
• silkworm moth
• lilac, high tree, grass bees

others:

Isopods

Terrestrial prawns and crabs

small lizards, omnivorous iguanas, monitors,

frogs

amphibious gold snail,

The muell tree

The tree is the most complicated to study, understand and to grow outside of Attland. The muell, or pastel tree, however, is different from all other trees in that most of the tree parts are edible, it produces four types of juices, teas, coffee, fragrance, and pastel paint. The tree can be called the tree of life.

Below the following is discussed:

• the unique similarities to other plants
• unique characteristics
• morphology
• distribution
  
• growth
• life cycle
• cultivation

unique similarities to other plants:

Adding to the complicated nature of the tree is its similarities to others trees and plants:

• the first (reproductive) flowers produce long, pine-cone shaped ear of seeds, which is covered by flower sepals, resembling an ear of corn on the stalk.
  
• bright yellow or orange seeds located at the base of the seed cone resemble yellow kernels of corn, the seeds contained towards the tip of the cone resemble pine nuts and wheat kernels.
• sepals from the first flowers can be eaten raw and taste like cooked artichoke.
  
• Muell tree leaves resemble large grape leaves during the first 5-7 years of the tree's life, and then start to resemble mulberry leaves, except they are larger and succulent.
• the tree trunk of a mature, pruned tree resembles an African baobab.
  
• The first (reproductive) flowers resemble lilies.
• The fruit flowers of the tree resemble roses, and sometimes asters.
• The fruit flower soon produces a banana-looking drupe, which is always yellow (if the flower was yellow, white, or any pastel color, which is the origin for the names of the colors), or orange (if the flower was red or blue.)
• The banana-drupe ripens to yield a sweet, semi-succulent flour mass, which can be eaten raw or baked into semi-sweet bread.
• The tree seedlings look like fescue grass.
• The bark of the tree resembles that of a pine, but is actually thicker and solid.
• The tree sap tastes like birch sap or mild lemonade (for 3 to 5 year old trees), or citrus (5-10 year old trees) or muscat grape juice for older trees.
• The first and fruit flower pollen is easily smudged, resembles a rose pollen, varying in color from tree to tree, and can be used as a pale pastel paint.
• the first flower smells like a lily of the valley, or tulip; the fruit flower smells like a lilac.
• The fruit flower pollen resembles a saffron spice, similar in taste and color, if the flower is orange.
• if not harvested, the leaves ripen to their most edible state and turn yellow, the color lasting for up to 6 months, the leaves never shed, and turn green again when all first flowers on the branch started to produce seed cones and branch extensions.
• the tree roots can be cooked and eaten, tasting like a delicious potato or Jerusalem artichoke
  

unique characteristics:

• muell tree produces no growth rings.
  
• muell tree first flower needs primarily hummingbirds to pollinate, due to the unique structure of a first flower; fruit flowers require any pollinator.
• the seeds (produced by the first flowers only) can be eaten raw, just like nuts, cooked, or pressed into oil.
  
• Male and female trees look almost identical, except male trees tend to be smaller than female trees, produce more first flowers, less fruit flowers, hence less fruit
  
• Muell trees are dioecious, and both produce pollen, though only the male pollen can pollinate, and the female pollen is required to signal male trees to increase pollen production.
• First flower produces pollen and seed, but not fruit;
• Fruit flower produces pollen and fruit, but no seed.
• First flower has sepals, which are absent in fruit flowers.
  
• A muell tree continuously produces first and fruit flowers according to the cycle of their tree branch.
• There is only one specie of the muell tree, without any other variants or cultivars that can be successfully developed.
• The seedling grass can be pollinated either by other seedlings, or by pollen from first flowers of mature female and male trees.
  
• Mature muell tree needs to pollinate its first flowers, if not pollinated, the tree will not produce new branches or leaves, but will produce one more year of fruit flowers and fruits.
• If pollinated at its first flowering, while fruit flowers are pruned or not pollinated, the tree will not produce fruit, but will continue to grow and produce in other aspects.
  
• Seedling grass can be source of nutrition for small livestock, or as a salad green.
• If both first and fruit flowers are pruned or not pollinated, the tree will stimulate a part of its root to grow a sapling, which will mature sooner than a seedling, usually in 2-3 years, and bear fruit in its 4th year.
  
• Tree bark can be used as a coffee substitute, being the closest coffee-tasting of all substitutes.
  
• The first flowers produce edible petals that taste sweet, can be eaten raw, or brewed to make naturally semisweet teas.
• The fruit flower petals are not edible raw, but are used as a spice.
• The first flower pollen cannot perform the function of the fruit flower pollen, and vice versa.
  
• There is no relationship between the petal color or pollen color of the first flower and the fruit flower on the same tree.
• The color of flowers is defined by pollination, and is still unknown if affected by the color of the pollinating tree's genetics.
• all of the flowers' pollen is non-allergenic, being a smooth, soft structure
• the tree has no destructive enemies, since no insects are known to eat any part of the tree
• the tree roots are considerably thin and strong, capable of enveloping rocks within soil, but not exerting upward pressure, or otherwise destructive, which makes them ideal for growing near paved areas.
• the tree can live up to 100 years in low, hot, coastal areas, and to 400-600 years in higher, cool elevations.
• the tree can yield 4 different juices: tree sap, leaf juice, first flower petal juice and fruit juice
• 
  

Morphology

A muell tree is monocot and is closely related to grass, palm trees, lilies, irises and orchids. Three tree reproduces by producing firestflowers, which, after pollination, develop a seed cone.

The trunk produces flowers and fruits from woody stems (flowers are produced from tissues or buds to the inside of the bark and then subsequently emerge through it). This condition is known as cauliflorous (this is also found in Cercis canadensis, eastern redbud).

Vegetation and Agriculture of Attland

Isolated from the main continent,Attland's plants and animals have evolved into unique species to the point that some describe it as an alien paradise on Earth.

Endemic vegetation is characterized by:

• few conifers
• no grasses, the niche filled by the muell tree seedlings
• great diversity of non-coniferous evergreen trees
• great number of beech species, some similar to the New Zealand species
• great number of mushroom, moss, and air plants
• many evergreen trees are unique fern and horsetail species

The most notable agricultural plants and products of Attland are those that define the country's agriculture as a gourmet agriculture. These are:

• The Balm and Iris Orchid, difloral plants unique to Attland, which produce mild mint, and lemon balm flavor vanilla
• Coffee tree, a difloral tree
  
• Muell (or Bauna), a difloral tree
• Nectar Tree (a difloral Robinia), a source of hard wood, oil, and honey
• Nectar lily, producing a unique flavor essence
  
• Silkworm silk
• Bush spider silk
• aquaculture is centered on pearl oyster harvesting
  

The coffee and muell trees are pollinatable only in Attland, primarily by lilac bees, and hummingbirds. Muell tree can grow and reproduce only in Attland, requiring the presence of Attland's unique minerals.

The lilac bee and hummingbirds are the primary pollinators for vegetation of Attland.

• Horsetail trees, over 20 feet tall and 1-2 feet diameter
  
• Ginkgo tree
• Pehuén or Monkey-puzzle pine (up to 7 feet in diameter, 130-240 feet tall)
• Tree ferns
  
• Flower tree, related to cycads, gingo, and tree ferns, having wide, very large gingko-like planar leaves that form a disc-like crown; in cooler areas growing over almost 200 feet tall, and almost 30-40 feet in diameter
  
• Hollow tree, a difloral tree, having horizontal branches, and a 50%-75% hollow trunk.
• Vine tree, a difloral tree, some reaching over 350ft tall, developing twisting vine-like outer parts of a trunk, and with branched roots emerging above ground in older trees, capable of having a root underwater or in dark cave, the tree's leaves shaped as a butterfly
  
• Cycad tree
• Dragon and Socotra Dragon Tree subspecies growing in the same habitat
• Wild tree, closely related to the Australian Wollemia nobilis This bizarre-looking tree was known only from 120 million-year-old fossil leaves before 1994; fewer than one hundred exist in the wild. They have strange bark that looks like bubbles of chocolate, multiple trunks, and ferny-looking leaves growing in spirals. They can grow up to 125 feet tall.